Govt may allow higher foreign play in bad asset business

An FII may be allowed to pick up 49% in a bad asset bought by an ARC from a bank from 10% earlier.

Aveek Datta.

Mumbai: The government may raise the level of foreign direct investment, or FDI, in asset reconstruction companies (ARCs) and allow foreign institutional investors, or FIIs, higher investment limits in security receipts (SRs) which such companies typically issue against a pool of bad assets.Both proposals are critical to boost the asset reconstruction business in India at a time when bad loans in the banking system have been on the rise in a slowing economy.

A long-standing demand of the sector, the changes could be part of the government’s budget for 2012 to be presented in Parliament by finance minister Pranab Mukherjee on 16 March.
The finance ministry is considering a proposal to hike the maximum permissible stake a single FII can pick up in a bad asset bought by an ARC from a bank to 49% from 10% earlier, according to two people familiar with the matter. The maximum collective stake that multiple foreign entities can hold in such an asset may also be increased to 74% from 49% earlier, they added. None of them wanted to be identified.
FDI in ARCs can also go up from 49% to 74%. Even though there is no sub-limit within the 49% permissible limit, typically the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) does not allow one single entity to hold more than 10% stake in an ARC currently.
Barring Asset Reconstruction Co. (India) Ltd (Arcil), India’s oldest and largest ARC, none of the other 12 companies in the sector has been able to acquire substantial bad assets from banks due to paucity of funds.
“An advisory group comprising executives of asset reconstruction companies had made a recommendation to the government (for raising the limit of foreign investment),” said Birendra Kumar, managing director and chief executive of International Asset Reconstruction Co. Pvt. Ltd. “It will be a positive development if the government were to allow this.”
RBI and the finance ministry have been discussing both the proposals.
Typically, ARCs set up separate trusts to acquire individual assets. These trusts issue SRs against the bad assets bought. The SRs are bought by banks themselves as qualified institutional buyers, or QIBs, as well as other investors. Banks do ask for upfront payment in cash, too, instead of SRs.
There are several regulatory restrictions put by RBI on the source of funding that ARCs can tap. Out of the available sources, banks, notified financial institutions and non-banking financial companies do not lend much to ARCs. Another source of liquidity for ARCs could have been domestic funds, but there are a very few in India focused on distressed assets.
P.H. Ravikumar, managing director and chief executive of Invent Assets Securitisation and Reconstruction Pvt. Ltd, said that if there were more funds from foreign investors at the disposal of ARCs they would be able to bid for more assets.
“Over the last two years, all the ARCs put together haven’t managed to acquire assets worth more than Rs. 1,000-2,000 crore,” Ravikumar said. “If the limit of foreign investment is increased to these limits, we can buy assets to the tune of Rs. 5,000-7,000 crore.”
Since these foreign investors are minority shareholders at present, they don’t take an active part in the revival of assets. The situation may reverse if they were allowed a sizable stake, Ravikumar added.
ARCs will play a crucial role in reducing the burden of bad loans on banks, at a juncture where non-performing assets (NPA) in the banking system have grown rapidly.
A 6 February Mint analysis of 34 listed banks that had announced their December quarter results showed that their gross NPAs had grown to Rs.76,644 crore, a 30.51% year-on-year increase. The analysis didn’t include NPAs of State Bank of India (SBI) since India’s largest bank was yet to announce its December quarter earnings as on that date. SBI said on 13 February that its NPAs at the end of December touched Rs. 40,098.43 crore, or 4.61% of its total advances, the highest proportion since September 2005.
Many corporate and retail borrowers have been unable to repay debt as economic growth slowed to under 7% this fiscal from 8.4% in the previous one. After declining continuously between fiscal years 1995-96 to 2007-08, the total stock of bad loans has seen a sharp rise, RBI deputy governor Anand Sinha said in February.
“From 15% in 1995, NPAs came down till 2008, but they have risen sharply by 91%, or Rs. 46,670 crore, between 2005-06 and 2010-11,” Sinha said atMint’s annual banking conclave in Mumbai.
Another policy intervention that ARCs have been hoping for to incentivize the effort and resources required to buy and revive a distressed asset is to allow them to covert a portion of the debt attached to it into equity.
At present, there are regulatory restrictions on ARCs picking up a stake and they make money by earning a fee in lieu of managing the trust through which the asset is acquired and the debt, recovered.
Kumar of International Asset Securitisation said that an amendment to the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest (SARFAESI) Act, 2002, to allow conversion of debt to equity had been moved in the winter session of Parliament in 2011 and is pending before a standing committee.
The SARFAESI Act provides the framework in which ARCs operate.
aveek.d@livemint.com


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Banks to offer higher returns on NRI deposits to lure dollars

MUMBAI: A runaway currency has pushed the Reserve Bank of India to make interest rates more tempting for NRIs to bring in dollars. As the rupee closed at a new low on Wednesday, RBI allowed banks to offer higher return on dollar as well rupee deposits parked by NRIs.

Banks can now give 125 basis points over London Inter-bank Offered Rate, or Libor - the benchmark rate in international money markets on foreign currency non-resident accounts against a mark-up of 100 basis points permitted till now.

On non-resident (external) or rupee deposits, the interest rate cap has been raised to 275 basis points over Libor, from 175 bps. "It will help to improve sentiment," said Parthasarathi Mukherjee, president (treasury and international Banking) at Axis Bank. The six-month Libor is at 0.71%.

Earlier in the day, the rupee fell to a low of Rs 52.37 to the dollar, but recovered to an intraday high of Rs 51.75 on suspected dollar sales by the Reserve Bank of India. But despite intervention and the central bank's move to lift the $100-m cap on banks for swap, the local currency ended at 52.37.

Such swap transactions, where corporates enter into deals with banks to swap rupee loans to dollar, banks sell dollar in spot market and buy in forward. But the market did not feel that this will help to increase dollar supply. Global stock markets plunged to a six-week low on Wednesday after China's manufacturing activity in November dropped to a 32-week low, contributing to existing worries about US economic growth and Europe's debt worries.

Tracking the weakness across markets, India's key indices hit a two-year low as foreign investors dumped shares, unnerved by the uncertainty in the rupee's slide which closed at a record low of 52.37 against the dollar. The Sensex dropped 365.45 points, or 2.27%, to end at 15,699.97, but off the day's low of 15,478.69.

The Nifty fell 105.90 points or 2.20% to close at 4706.45. Brokers said several foreign ETFs, which are facing redemptions at home, were selling aggressively.

Stop-loss triggers at many hedge funds and foreign banks set off after the Nifty fell below 4700 mid-way through the session, precipitating the decline. But for the short-covering later, indices would have ended much lower. Foreign investors sold shares worth Rs 1186.42 on Wednesday, according to provisional data.

"Investors in India are more worried about the domestic events than the issues in the US and Europe. There is a total chaos in the currency market, with no uncertainty about where the rupee is headed," said Sandip Sabharwal, CEO-portfolio management services of broking firm Prabhudas Lilladher.

Finance minister Pranab Mukherjee on Wednesday attributed the stock market crash to withdrawal of funds by foreign investors and depreciation of the rupee.

"The rupee's underlying fundamentals still appear weak to us, especially the absence of yield support at this important moment for the currency. Indeed, there is the outside chance of an onshore USD squeeze being the catalyst which propels USD/INR to the 54.8 technical objective," said Stewart Newnham and Yee Wai Chong, analysts at Morgan Stanley.

The decline on Wednesday pushed the Nifty below the 200-week moving average of 4776, analysts said. "This is a sign of further weakness in the market as this is a long-term trend indicator," said AK Prabhakar, senior VP, Anand Rathi Securities. The MSCI Asia Apex fell 2.5% after the indications of weakening in China, the world's secondlargest economy, came a day after the US cut its Q3 growth figure.

China's preliminary HSBC manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index fell sharply to 48.0 in November compared with a final reading of 51.0 in October. The euro fell 1% after Belgian newspaper De Standaard said that the planned rescue of Franco-Belgian bank Dexia is unworkable.

The report triggered worries that France's AAA credit rating may be under threat. Report said the European crisis is making it tough for European banks to access dollar funding in money markets. Euro/dollar cross currency swaps, which measure the cost of swapping euros into dollars, are at the most expensive levels since 2008, according to reports.