Govt may allow higher foreign play in bad asset business

An FII may be allowed to pick up 49% in a bad asset bought by an ARC from a bank from 10% earlier.

Aveek Datta.

Mumbai: The government may raise the level of foreign direct investment, or FDI, in asset reconstruction companies (ARCs) and allow foreign institutional investors, or FIIs, higher investment limits in security receipts (SRs) which such companies typically issue against a pool of bad assets.Both proposals are critical to boost the asset reconstruction business in India at a time when bad loans in the banking system have been on the rise in a slowing economy.

A long-standing demand of the sector, the changes could be part of the government’s budget for 2012 to be presented in Parliament by finance minister Pranab Mukherjee on 16 March.
The finance ministry is considering a proposal to hike the maximum permissible stake a single FII can pick up in a bad asset bought by an ARC from a bank to 49% from 10% earlier, according to two people familiar with the matter. The maximum collective stake that multiple foreign entities can hold in such an asset may also be increased to 74% from 49% earlier, they added. None of them wanted to be identified.
FDI in ARCs can also go up from 49% to 74%. Even though there is no sub-limit within the 49% permissible limit, typically the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) does not allow one single entity to hold more than 10% stake in an ARC currently.
Barring Asset Reconstruction Co. (India) Ltd (Arcil), India’s oldest and largest ARC, none of the other 12 companies in the sector has been able to acquire substantial bad assets from banks due to paucity of funds.
“An advisory group comprising executives of asset reconstruction companies had made a recommendation to the government (for raising the limit of foreign investment),” said Birendra Kumar, managing director and chief executive of International Asset Reconstruction Co. Pvt. Ltd. “It will be a positive development if the government were to allow this.”
RBI and the finance ministry have been discussing both the proposals.
Typically, ARCs set up separate trusts to acquire individual assets. These trusts issue SRs against the bad assets bought. The SRs are bought by banks themselves as qualified institutional buyers, or QIBs, as well as other investors. Banks do ask for upfront payment in cash, too, instead of SRs.
There are several regulatory restrictions put by RBI on the source of funding that ARCs can tap. Out of the available sources, banks, notified financial institutions and non-banking financial companies do not lend much to ARCs. Another source of liquidity for ARCs could have been domestic funds, but there are a very few in India focused on distressed assets.
P.H. Ravikumar, managing director and chief executive of Invent Assets Securitisation and Reconstruction Pvt. Ltd, said that if there were more funds from foreign investors at the disposal of ARCs they would be able to bid for more assets.
“Over the last two years, all the ARCs put together haven’t managed to acquire assets worth more than Rs. 1,000-2,000 crore,” Ravikumar said. “If the limit of foreign investment is increased to these limits, we can buy assets to the tune of Rs. 5,000-7,000 crore.”
Since these foreign investors are minority shareholders at present, they don’t take an active part in the revival of assets. The situation may reverse if they were allowed a sizable stake, Ravikumar added.
ARCs will play a crucial role in reducing the burden of bad loans on banks, at a juncture where non-performing assets (NPA) in the banking system have grown rapidly.
A 6 February Mint analysis of 34 listed banks that had announced their December quarter results showed that their gross NPAs had grown to Rs.76,644 crore, a 30.51% year-on-year increase. The analysis didn’t include NPAs of State Bank of India (SBI) since India’s largest bank was yet to announce its December quarter earnings as on that date. SBI said on 13 February that its NPAs at the end of December touched Rs. 40,098.43 crore, or 4.61% of its total advances, the highest proportion since September 2005.
Many corporate and retail borrowers have been unable to repay debt as economic growth slowed to under 7% this fiscal from 8.4% in the previous one. After declining continuously between fiscal years 1995-96 to 2007-08, the total stock of bad loans has seen a sharp rise, RBI deputy governor Anand Sinha said in February.
“From 15% in 1995, NPAs came down till 2008, but they have risen sharply by 91%, or Rs. 46,670 crore, between 2005-06 and 2010-11,” Sinha said atMint’s annual banking conclave in Mumbai.
Another policy intervention that ARCs have been hoping for to incentivize the effort and resources required to buy and revive a distressed asset is to allow them to covert a portion of the debt attached to it into equity.
At present, there are regulatory restrictions on ARCs picking up a stake and they make money by earning a fee in lieu of managing the trust through which the asset is acquired and the debt, recovered.
Kumar of International Asset Securitisation said that an amendment to the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest (SARFAESI) Act, 2002, to allow conversion of debt to equity had been moved in the winter session of Parliament in 2011 and is pending before a standing committee.
The SARFAESI Act provides the framework in which ARCs operate.
aveek.d@livemint.com


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Axis Bank, SBI, ICICI Bank, PNB stock futures crash on rising bad loans & high rates

Nihar Gokhale, ET Bureau Dec 20, 2011, 07.00am IST

MUMBAI: Futures prices of select bank stocks crashed on Monday as fears of rising non-performing loans and high interest rates turned sentiment against the sector. 

While bank stocks in the cash market have been touching record lows over the past week, investors offloaded long positions and went short on contracts of large banks like SBI, ICICI Bank, Axis Bank and Punjab National Bank.

At the end of trading hours on Monday, Axis Bank stock futures closed at Rs 835.55, at a significant discount of Rs 15 to the underlying cash price, which hit a 52-week low of Rs 850.65. Axis has been hit by heavy short selling since Friday, when a record 20% addition in open interest positions was accompanied by widening discounts.

"There was a combination of short selling and reduction in long positions, as those overweight on the banking sector cut down on their holdings," said Monal Desai, VP and head – institutional equities (derivatives) at broking house Prabhudas Lilladher.

State Bank of India saw a cut-down in over 1.3 lakh positions in open interest. The contract closed at Rs 1,626.85, down 2.6%. A discount of Rs 10 in early trade shrank to zero later in the day which means that traders closed their short positions. Likewise, ICICI Bank open interest reduced by 2.3 lakh, while the contract price declined by 2.3% to Rs 659.90.

Some of these banks also have huge exposure to the weak power and infrastructure sectors, worrying investors about a possible rise in the number of bad loans. "Large banks always have a large exposure to the corporate sector. When you've an overall negative sentiment, the same will spread to the large banks," said Saday Sinha, analyst at Kotak Securities.

Other stock futures facing the heat were Punjab National Bank, which closed at 3.5% down at Rs 790, and a discount of Rs 5 to the underlying stock.

Shares of large banks, both private and public sector, have plunged in recent days with ICICI Bank and HDFC Bank dipping to their 52-week lows of Rs 641 and Rs 400.25 on Monday.

SBI also slumped to its 52-week low Rs 1,598. SBI too hit a 52-week low of Rs 1,598, accompanied by a large pack of other public sector banks like Canara Bank, Punjab National Bank, Bank of Baroda, Union Bank of India, Indian Overseas Bank, among others. Bank Nifty index too touched its 52-week low of 7,801 on Monday.

But it was Axis Bank which continued to face the maximum heat, at least in futures trading. It continues to trade at a discount of Rs 15. The contract saw 20% addition in open interest on Friday, leading to a record high of over 90 lakh positions. While 6.8 lakh open interest was added on Monday, the total hovered around 90 lakh. This indicates both short selling and exiting in long positions.

Amit Gupta, head, derivatives, ICICI Direct advised clients in a morning strategy report to go short on Axis Bank futures, and long on Bank Nifty. This means Axis Bank may underperform Bank Nifty during the life of the strategy.